How does NIST SP 800-53 classify security controls?

NIST SP 800-53 classifies security controls by families based on their function, which serves to organize controls in a manner that aligns with specific security objectives. This classification system includes families like access control, incident response, and awareness and training, each encompassing controls that are related in purpose and use. This approach facilitates a structured method for agencies to select and implement appropriate controls to address various aspects of security based on their unique operational needs.

The categorization by function allows organizations to identify relevant controls that pertain specifically to their security requirements, making it easier for them to design and implement effective security frameworks within the context of overall risk management strategies. This functional approach highlights the importance of understanding how different controls interrelate and contribute to the broader security posture.